Moisturization Efficacy & Functional Ingredients

References

11. Van Smeden J, Bouwstra J. Stratum corneum lipids: their role for the skin barrier function in healthy subjects and atopic dermatitis patients. Curr Probl Dermatol. 2016;49:8-26.
12. Berkers T, Van Dijk L, Absala S, et al. Topically applied fatty acids are elongat­ed before incorporation in the stratum corneum lipid matrix in compromised skin. Exp Dermatol. 2017;26:36-43.
13. Tanno O, Yukiko O. Kitamura N, et al. Effects of niacinamide on ceramide biosynthesis and differentiation of cultured human keratinocytes, 3rd ASCS Conference, Taipei, Taiwan, 1997.
14. Boissy RE, Minwalla L, Bissett DL, et al. Niacinamide inhibits transfer of melanosomes from melanocytes to keratinocytes, 59th Annual Meeting American Academy of Dermatology, Washington, 2001.
15. Hakozaki T, Matsubara A, Miyamoto K, et al, Topical niacinamide reduces hu­man skin hyperpigmentation, 60th Annual Meeting American Academy of Dermatology, New Orleans, 2002.
16. Mathapathi MS, Mallemalla P, Vora S, et al. Niacinamide leave-on formula­tion provides long-lasting protection against bacteria in vivo. Exp Dermatol. 2017;6:827-829.
17. Andersen FA. Final report on the safety assessment of glycolic acid, ammo­nium, calcium, potassium, and sodium glycolates, methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl glycolates, and lactic acid, ammonium, calcium, potassium, sodium, and TEA-lactates, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, and butyl lactates, and lauryl, my­ristyl, and cetyl lactates. Int J Toxicol. 1998;17:1-241.
18. Berstein EF, Underhill CB, Lakkakorpi J, et al. Citric acid increases viable epidermis thickness and glycosaminoglycan content of sun-damaged skin. Dermatol Surg. 1997;23:689-694.
19. Antoniou C, Kosmadaki MG, Stratigos AJ, et al. Photoaging: Prevention and topical treatments. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2010;11:95–102.
20. Ditre CM, Griffin TD, Murphy GF, et al. Effects of alpha-hydroxy acids on pho­toaged skin: A pilot clinical, histologic, and ultrastructural study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1996;34:187-195.
21. Hanley K, Jiang Y, Crumrine D, et al. Activators of the nuclear hormone re­ceptor PPAR alpha and FXR accelerate development of the fetal epidermal permeability barrier. J Clin Invest. 1997;100:705-712.
22. Hanley K, Komuves LG, Bass NM, et al. Fetal epidermal differentiation and barrier development in vivo is accelerated by nuclear hormone receptor acti­vators. J Invest Dermatol. 1999;113:789-795.
23. Komuves LG, Hanley K, Lefebvre AM, et al. Stimulation of PPAR alpha promotes epidermal keratinocyte differentiation in vivo. J Invest Dermatol. 2000;115:353-360.
24. Komuves LG, Hanley K, Jiang Y, et al. Ligands and activators of nuclear hor­mone receptors regulate epidermal differentiation during fetal rat skin devel­opment.J Invest Dermatol. 1998;111:429-433.
25. Hanley K, Komuves LG, Ng DC, et al. Farnesol stimulates differentiation in epidermal keratinocytes via PPAR alpha. J Biol Chem. 2000;275:11484-11491.
26. Mao-Qiang M, Fowler AJ, Schmuth M, et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activat­ed receptor (PPAR)-beta/delta stimulates differentiation and lipid accumula­tion in keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol. 2004;122:971-983.
27. Moya-Camarena SY, Heuvel J, Blanchard SG, et al. Conjugated linoleic acid is a potent naturally occurring ligand and activator of PPAR(alpha). J Lipid Res 1990;40(8):1426-1433.
28. Hawkins SS, Shingleton W, Adamus J, et al. Peroxisome proliferator-ac­tivated receptors: Role in skin health and appearance of photoaged skin. Book chapter in Textbook of Aging Skin (2010), Farage, Miller, Maibach, eds. Springer-Veriag Berlin Heidelberg.
29. Hawkins SS, Feinberg C, Foy V, et al. Clinical and consumer-assessed im­provement to photaged skin with Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA): A novel cosmetic PPAR for anti-aging benefits. Proceedings of the 24th IFSCC Con­gress, 2006.
30. Holleran WM, Uchida Y, Halkier-Sorensen L, et al. Structural and biochemical basis for the UVB-induced alterations in epidermal barrier function. Photo­dermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 1997;13:117-128.